巴基斯坦推动可再生能源的发展，但是煤炭的扩张也在继续

据路透社8月8日报道，巴基斯坦政府官员说，巴基斯坦本周启动了一项计划，到2030年将其来自可再生能源的电力份额从目前的约4％提高到30％。

Pakistan this week set in motion a plan to boost the share of its electric power that comes from renewables to 30% by 2030, up from about 4% today, government officials said.

 

“新宣布的政策的目标是，到2025年，可再生能源占巴基斯坦电力装机容量的20％，到2030年这一比例要达到30％。”政府可再生能源发展署政策总监Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry说。

“The targets in the newly announced policy are a 20% share of renewables in installed capacity of Pakistan’s power mix by 2025 and 30% by 2030,” said Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry, policy director for the government’s Alternative Energy Development Board.

 

他说，这将主要包括风能和太阳能，还包括地热能，潮汐能，波浪能和生物质能。

That will include mainly wind and solar power, but also geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass energy, he said.

 

巴基斯坦能源改革特别工作组组长纳迪姆•巴巴尔表示，由于预计水力发电能力将提升，这一转变可能使清洁能源在巴基斯坦电力结构中的比重到2030年时达到65％。

With boosts in hydropower capacity expected as well, the shift could bring the share of clean energy in Pakistan’s electricity mix to 65% by 2030, said Nadeem Babar, head of a task force on energy reforms in Pakistan.

 

巴基斯坦的太阳能和风能开发商Zeeshan Ashfaq警告说，但是立法通过的是计划再建设七座燃煤发电厂，这是中巴经济走廊项目第二阶段的一部分。这可能会阻碍可再生能源的规模扩大。

But the legislation leaves in place plans to build seven more coal-fired power plants as part of the second phase of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor project - something that could impede scale-up of renewable power, warned Zeeshan Ashfaq, a solar and wind energy developer in Pakistan.

 

“后续大约4000-5000兆瓦的煤电厂计划将不会为可再生能源提供更多空间，”巴基斯坦SOWITEC（太阳能风电技术）董事总经理Ashfaq说。

“A coal pipeline of around 4,000-5,000 megawatts will not provide much space for renewables,” said Ashfaq, managing director of SOWITEC (Solar Wind Technology) Pakistan.

 

总理内阁去年12月批准的新的国家可再生能源政策因新冠疫情的流行而推迟，谈判人员也在试图解决与各省的争端。

The new national renewables policy, approved by the prime minister’s cabinet last December, was delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and as negotiators tried to resolve disputes with individual provinces.

 

但是联邦规划与发展部长阿萨德·乌马尔在社交媒体上表示，这些争端的解决现在为“释放巴基斯坦可再生能源的全部潜力”开辟了道路。

But Asad Umar, federal minister for planning and development, said on social media the resolution of those disputes now opened the way to “unleash Pakistan’s full potential” for renewables.

 

能源特别工作组主席，现任总理特别助理巴巴尔说，预计可再生能源的新投资将来自私人投资者，潜在的供应商将在年度拍卖中竞标，低关税提案胜出。

New investment in renewable energy is expected to come from private investors, with potential suppliers bidding in annual auctions and low-tariff proposals winning, said Babar, chair of the energy task force and now special assistant to the prime minister.

 

替代能源委员会的贾夫里表示，这项政策标志着一项重大转变，过去投资者通过单个项目与政府接洽。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, said the policy represented a significant shift from the past, when investors approached the government with individual projects.

 

可再生能源开发商阿什法克表示，和前任政府相比，现任政府对可再生能源表现出更大兴趣。“上届政府的重点是对化石燃料发电厂进行投资。新政府对可再生能源的态度更加开放并希望促进其发展。”他说。

Ashfaq, the renewables developer, said the current government had shown more interest in renewable energy than previous administrations.“The last government’s focus was on investing in fossil fuel power plants. This new government is much more open to renewable energy and wants to promote it” he said.

 

巴巴尔说，大多数新计划的可再生能源将是太阳能或风能，这两种技术占比平均，从风力发电场到屋顶太阳能，各种技术应运而生。“我们已经有30多个正在运营的风能和太阳能发电厂，都由本地和国际银行，多边和出口信贷机构资助。新的电厂将以同样的方式筹集资金”。他说，新的可再生能源计划代表了“一个雄心勃勃但有望实现的目标”。

Babar said most of the new planned renewable power would be solar or wind, divided roughly equally between the two technologies, and coming from everything from wind farms to rooftop solar.“We already have more than 30 wind and solar plants in operation, all financed privately by local and international banks, multilaterals and export credit agencies. New ones will be financed the same way,” he said. The new renewables plan represents “an ambitious target but achievable”, he said.

 

阿什法克预测，到2030年，国际投资者可能会在该计划中投入多达150亿美元。尽管他警告说，可再生能源投资将取决于政府明确的使用目标，以及该国工业化进程中对电力的需求不断增长。他表示，在过去的两年中，巴基斯坦电力需求放缓，甚至在三月份新冠疫情流行之前，经济已经处于困境之中。

International investors could put as much as $15 billion into the plan by 2030, Ashfaq predicted - though he cautioned that renewables investment would depend on clear government targets for its use, and growing demand for power as the country industrialises.Growth in power demand has slowed over the past two years, with Pakistan’s economy struggling even before the coronavirus pandemic hit in March, he said.

 

Ashfaq表示，中巴经济走廊项目将重点放在建设新的燃煤电厂上，这是扩大可再生能源规模的一大潜在障碍。“ CPEC发电项目中近70％的发电能力是燃煤。通过CPEC的煤电项目，燃煤发电量将从2017年的3％增加到2025年的20％。”实现该国的可再生能源目标将需要重新考虑那些计划。

One big potential roadblock to scaling renewables is the focus of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project on building new coal-fired power plants, Ashfaq said.“Nearly 70% of generation capacity of CPEC power projects is coal fired. With CPEC coal-power projects, coal-fired generation capacity will increase from 3% in 2017 to 20% in 2025,” he said.Achieving the country’s renewable energy aims will require rethinking those plans, he said.

 

但是巴巴尔说：“CPEC中得到预授权的化石燃料项目将继续执行，并将进入建设阶段”。

But Babar said “pre-authorized fossil fuel projects under CPEC will continue execution - they will go into construction”.

 

这表明巴基斯坦将继续执行计划，到2024年建成所有七个新的CPEC燃煤电厂。

That suggests Pakistan will continue with plans to build all seven new CPEC coal-fired power plants by 2024.

 

替代能源委员会的贾夫里说，尽管他相信新的可再生能源政策是“现实且能够完成的”，但它也与对巴基斯坦到2047年能源需求的预测有关。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, however, said he believed the new renewables policy was “achievable and realistic”, as it was linked to forecasts of Pakistan’s energy demand through 2047.